Ans.
When the Government failed to suppress the Indian demand for Swaraj, it decided to follow a policy of kicks and kisses. It introduced some constitutional reforms by passing the Government of India Act, 1909 (also called Morely Minto Reforms). Its main provisions were as ahead . The Indian Councils Act of 1892 disappointed the Congress. It did not give representative institutions to the people. The young elements in the Congress like Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipan Chandra Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh criticised the methods of the Moderates for getting their demands accepted by the British. The Morley Minto Reforms (Government of India Act 1909) also took no steps to establish responsible or self-government in India. On the Other hand, it introduced the system of separate electorate and reserved separate seats for the Muslims in the legislatures. It pleased the Muslim League and it came closer to the British Government. The young element in the Congress called the extremists, resorted to methods of agitations, demonstrations, hartals, boycotts etc. to compel the British to accept the demands of the Indians. The First World War 1914 encouraged the process of unity among the various political streams in the country. Mrs. Annie Besant started Home Rule movement to achieve the goal of self-government for the Indians. Tilak also started his own Home Rule League in Western India. The British attitude towards Turkey disappointed the Muslim League which drifted from the British and came closer to,the Congress. The Muslim League declared its support to the Congress for Self-Government. The Congress agreed to accept the demand of the Muslims for separate electorate. This led to the Lucknow Pact between the League and the Congress. The British Government, in order to suppress the national movement, passed the Rowlatt Acts. Mahatma Gandhi started agitation and Satyagrah against the Black Bills. It ultimately led to the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy in which 400 innocent people were killed and 2000 wounded. Mahatma Gandhi started Non cooperation Movement against the British. But when the movement became violent, Gandhiji withdrew the Non-co-operation Movement.
When the Government failed to suppress the Indian demand for Swaraj, it decided to follow a policy of kicks and kisses. It introduced some constitutional reforms by passing the Government of India Act, 1909 (also called Morely Minto Reforms). Its main provisions were as ahead . The Indian Councils Act of 1892 disappointed the Congress. It did not give representative institutions to the people. The young elements in the Congress like Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipan Chandra Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh criticised the methods of the Moderates for getting their demands accepted by the British. The Morley Minto Reforms (Government of India Act 1909) also took no steps to establish responsible or self-government in India. On the Other hand, it introduced the system of separate electorate and reserved separate seats for the Muslims in the legislatures. It pleased the Muslim League and it came closer to the British Government. The young element in the Congress called the extremists, resorted to methods of agitations, demonstrations, hartals, boycotts etc. to compel the British to accept the demands of the Indians. The First World War 1914 encouraged the process of unity among the various political streams in the country. Mrs. Annie Besant started Home Rule movement to achieve the goal of self-government for the Indians. Tilak also started his own Home Rule League in Western India. The British attitude towards Turkey disappointed the Muslim League which drifted from the British and came closer to,the Congress. The Muslim League declared its support to the Congress for Self-Government. The Congress agreed to accept the demand of the Muslims for separate electorate. This led to the Lucknow Pact between the League and the Congress. The British Government, in order to suppress the national movement, passed the Rowlatt Acts. Mahatma Gandhi started agitation and Satyagrah against the Black Bills. It ultimately led to the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy in which 400 innocent people were killed and 2000 wounded. Mahatma Gandhi started Non cooperation Movement against the British. But when the movement became violent, Gandhiji withdrew the Non-co-operation Movement.
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